Simple Enlever (to Remove) French Verb Conjugations

When you want to say to remove or to take off in French, use the verb  enlever. This is a different meaning than  prendre  (to take) or  amener  (to take or bring), so its important to keep the three straight.   To place  enlever  into the past tense removed or to the present tense removing, a verb conjugation is required. There are a few challenges found in this conjugation, but a quick lesson will clear things up. Conjugating the French Verb  Enlever Enlever  is a  stem-changing verb. As you can see from the table,  the second E often changes to an à ¨. This is a common transformation found in verbs ending in -e_er. To conjugate  enlever  to the present, future, or imperfect past tense, pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense. For instance, I remove is jenlà ¨ve and we will remove is nous enlà ¨verons. Practicing these in context will make memorization a little easier. Subject Present Future Imperfect j enlve enlverai enlevais tu enlves enlveras enlevais il enlve enlvera enlevait nous enlevons enlverons enlevions vous enlevez enlverez enleviez ils enlvent enlveront enlevaient The Present Participle of  Enlever The  present participle  of  enlever  is  enlevant. This is done by adding -ant  to the verb stem and youll notice the E does not change here. This is a verb, of course, though it can also act as an adjective, gerund, or noun in some contexts. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common way to express the past tense removed in French. It requires the  past participle  enlevà ©Ã‚  and a conjugation of the  auxiliary verb  avoir. For instance, I removed is jai enlevà © and we removed is nous avons enlevà ©. Notice how  ai  and  avons are conjugates of  avoir  and that the past participle does not change. More Simple  Enlever  Conjugations There may also be times when you will need the following verb forms, though theyre not as important as the others.   Quite simply, the subjunctive and conditional verb forms are used when the verbs action is not guaranteed. Used with less frequency, youll likely only find the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive in formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j enlve enlverais enlevai enlevasse tu enlves enlverais enlevas enlevasses il enlve enlverait enleva enlevt nous enlevions enlverions enlevmes enlevassions vous enleviez enlveriez enlevtes enlevassiez ils enlvent enlveraient enlevrent enlevassent A very informal use of  enlever  is the imperative form. Its used in direct commands and requests and the subject pronoun is not required. Instead of tu enlà ¨ve, use enlà ¨ve alone. Imperative (tu) enlve (nous) enlevons (vous) enlevez

Rhetorical Analysis We Send Too Many Students College

Being a first year college student who always figured college crucial, Nemko’s article, â€Å"We Send Too Many Students to College† strikes interesting. He directly addresses young adults investigating a college career. Nemko argues against the idea of higher education as a requirement to employ in an empowering career. He insists a multitude of people will find themselves more â€Å"[successful in taking] that noncollege road less traveled† and offers alternative options without degrading the college experience all together (Nemko 32). In doing so, he combines stylistic elements such as exemplum, hyperbole and simile, constructing a compelling argument. Nemko’s stylistic choices persuade this young adult audience of the options they have ensuring that not going to college is OK. Nemko’s article is established on a personal and relatable exemplum, â€Å"a device for clarifying or simply, example†, that immediately connects to his audience – who have seemingly had this exact conversation he’s had as a career counselor (Johnson 105). He briefs us on the â€Å"saddest moments as a career counselor [] when [he] hear[s] a story like this: ‘I wasn’t a good student in high school, but I wanted to prove to myself that I can get a college diploma--I’d be the first one in my family to do it. But it’s been six years and I still have 45 units to go’† (Nemko 32). Right off the bat, Nemko gains trust through his appeal to ethos. His â€Å"saddest moments as a career counselor† tell us of his knowledge of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Tom Hanks Vassar Speech in 20051375 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis Tom Hanks Vassar Speech in 2005 Introduction Famous actors, musicians, politicians, artists and authors are often called upon to deliver commencement addresses at prestigious places of higher learning. It doesnt take Nobel-Prize-winning social scientists or psychologists, or speech professors to predict what these elite guest speakers will say on such occasions such as these. The speaker will tell the graduating class to aim high, never give up, make the most of opportunitiesRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages Over the duration of time, I have noticed the great deal of power that media has influenced on how women ought to appear. The relationship between social media and its users is a high effect on people and causes many problems. We are constantly thrown images of women and men to categorize what is eye catching. It has been clear that social media has blossomed in the last few decades to only deliver us with messages. Social media is applying to us, that looking more like the Kardashians and lessRead MoreInformative Speech on Accounting outline1684 Words   |  7 Pagesutilizing the topical pattern. Audience analysis: Provide a description of your audience (e.g., its demographics like age, gender, ethnicity, etc. as well as any other information about them that impacts the way you plan and present the speech (see the textbook, pp. 618–628). Topic: In this speech, I am going to describe why accountants have a bad reputation as being both boring and dishonest, and also expound on what accountants actually ‘do’ in our world/why we need them. Finally, I am going to explainRead MoreTips on Writing Statement of Purpose and Personal Statement Essays for Graduate School and Fellowship Applications3460 Words   |  14 PagesEssays for Graduate School and Fellowship Applications Examine samples written by other students. The Undergraduate Research Programs office on the 4th floor of Sweet Hall has a binder with sample statements of purpose for a wide variety of fields. You cannot take the binder out of the office, but there are comfortable chairs and you can read through the binder there. One thing you will notice: every student has a different history, different strengths and weaknesses, so there is no one way toRead MoreIphone Technology3058 Words   |  13 Pageshttp://books.google.com/books? Id=sVhvDZN5ke4Cdq=information+on+iphone+4source=gbs_navlinks_s Breen of this book gives a step-by-step guide to using an iPhone. He speaks on subjects like browsing through the web using an iPhone. He also mentions many other subjects on using the message sender along with multimedia use. One of the most important subjects in this book is how to make phone calls and just the basics on using an iphone. He also touches bases on itunes and putting music onto your iphoneRead MoreContent Analysis of Focus Group Data7519 Words   |  31 PagesAdult Learners: Content Analysis of Focus Group Data Jeff Zacharakis, Marie Steichen, and Gabriela Diaz de Sabates, Kansas State University Dianne Glass, Kansas Board of Regents ABSTRACT In this qualitative research study, we sought to better understand the experiences of adult learners in adult education centers. We conducted eight focus groups with 104 adult education students from 25 adult learning centers. Five groups were made up of English-speaking ABE students; learners in the three ESLRead MoreEssay about Teaching and Learning in a Networked Composition Classroom5669 Words   |  23 PagesComposition Classroom In her essay â€Å"Technology and Literacy: A Story about the Perils of Not Paying Attention,† Cynthia L. Selfe notes that â€Å"technology is either boring or frightening to most humanists; many teachers of English composition feel it antithetical to their primary concerns and many believe it should not be allowed to take up valuable scholarly time or the attention that could be best put to use in teaching or the study of literacy† (Self 412). Looking around campus it takes littleRead MoreDescriptive Analysis6093 Words   |  25 Pagesteachers can present expressive writing and still reserve time for the many forms of informative and argumentative writing. This choice is tricky because it confirms the folk wisdom about expressive writing and rhetorical difficulty. According to custom, students can write narratives first because they are already familiar with storytelling and can organize a personal experience according to simple chronology. Similarly, students can wr ite descriptive essays early because they can use their sensesRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagestransmitted orally, which tells a story. Usually narrator begins with a climactic or traumatic episode, tells the story tersely by means of action and dialogue and tells it without self-reference or the expression of personal attitudes or feelings. Many ballads employ (1) stock repetitive phrases such as â€Å"blood-red wine† and â€Å"milk white steed,† (2) a refrain in each stanza, and (3) incremental repetition, in which a line or stanza is repeated, but with an additional verse that advances the story,Read MoreResearch on Persuasive Techniques Used in Advertising Industry12297 Words   |  50 Pagesrelay information to large segments of the population all at once through mass media. In the United States, many university journalism departments evolved into schools or colleges of mass communication or journalism and mass com munication, as reflected in the names of two major academic organizations. In addition to studying practical skills of journalism, public relations or advertising, students also may major in mass communication or mass communication research. The latter is often the title

Chemical Reactions Free Essays

Chemical Reactions Chemical Change †¢ reorganization †¢ original substances form new substances with different formulas †¢ may or may not involve a change of state †¢ symbols used to describe chemical reaction are known as a chemical equation †¢ Chemical equations do not have equal signs (=) they have an arrow Chemical Equations †¢ Must follow the Law of Conservation of Matter †¢ atoms can neither be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction †¢ What goes in must come out! Chemical Equations †¢ Reactants = Products same number of atoms of each element on each side of the reaction arrow Equations must be balanced! †¢ other symbols †¢ (s)solid †¢ (l)liquid †¢ (g)gas †¢ (aq)aqueous, dissolved inwater Balancing Chemical Equations †¢ First check all ionic formulas to see if they are correct! Five steps to balancing equations 1. Count the number of atoms of each element (or polyatomic ion) on the reactant side and then on the product side. You may want to use a chart or table. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemical Reactions or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Determine which are out of balance – these need to be balanced 3. Pick an element or polyatomic ion to start with†¦ †¢ Balance using coefficients. †¢ Do not use coefficients of 1 †¢ No changes may be made to the subscripts †¢ use least common multiples 5. Check and recheck! †¢ Practice balancing these equations †¢ H2(g) + O2(g) H2O †¢ KCl + BaSO4 K2SO4 + BaCl2 Types of Chemical Reactions †¢ Combination /Direct Combinationsynthesis †¢ 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2 NaCl(s) Single Displacement †¢ single substitution †¢ anion always replaces anion †¢ cation always replaces cation Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2 †¢ Complete the following Single Displacement (formula is correct) Al + CuSO4 Double Displacement †¢ 2 substitutions †¢ ion-exchange †¢ MgSO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + MgCl2 †¢ Types of Chemical Reactions †¢ Double Displacement †¢ What are the expected products of MgSO4 + BaCl2 †¢ Types of Chemical Reactions †¢ KOH + MgCl ( †¢ check formulas and complete) Deco mposition †¢ HgO Hg + O2 (balance) †¢ 2 HgO 2 Hg + O2 †¢ carbonic acid in lab activity Oxidation / Reduction †¢ oxidize iron into rust 4Fe + 3O2 ( 2Fe2O3 Oxidation reactions †¢ add O (or remove H) Reduction reactions †¢ add H ( or remove O) Redox reaction †¢ Combination of oxidation and reduction Practice †¢ How many grams of diatomic oxygen (O2) are needed to make 4 moles of magnesium oxide (MgO) from magnesium ribbon (Mg)? †¢ Hint balance equation and use coefficient as mole. Energy in a Chemical Reaction Endothermic †¢ heat in †¢ requires activation energy †¢ A + B + 100kcal = C + D Exothermic †¢ heat out †¢ A + B = C + D + 100 kcal How to cite Chemical Reactions, Papers Chemical Reactions Free Essays

SAILING WITH CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Essay Example For Students

SAILING WITH CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Essay 22/4/2005 2nd Week SAILING WITH CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Essay First of all, I found many holes about the account of Zheng He and the reasons I want to point out about why I dont want to travel with Zheng He are as follows. Zheng Hes ships of 300 and 28000 men are far too large a number to be traveling and his ships are as big as 400 feet which is over 100 meter in length. I wonder how can a fleet of ships as large as that had traveled by sea to other countries of Africa and not make history in other parts of the country even if its history was wiped out in China. We must view the text with the skeptical eye. The author, Nicholas D. Kristof, is married to a Chinese woman and maybe he was trying to tweak the reader for amusement. He may have much love of Chinese culture since he is married to one. The author got to the island of Pate and in that island where once Chinese people once have landed, every old men and women of Pate did not know the story of Chinese sailors shipwrecked on the island but the only chief, Bwana Mkuu Al-Bauri, only knew it but he could not show any evidence of it. That gives us doubt on the validity of the data because the news of the arrival of Nicholas might have already reached the chief and so he decided to tell what the foreigner wanted to hear. From the passage No ancient Chinese characters have ever turned up on the island, and there are no Chinese accounts of an African shipwreck I very much agreed with Mr. Jim Gyuyot that the author seemed to be emotional attached to his research due to his choice of words that he was overjoyed to find the story from the chief. And also the sentence hints the author feeling to mystify the reader with what if in the last sentence So consider just once: This magazine would have been published in Chinese is a bit far-fetched. The funny thing is History does not work like that. There are things like luck and misfortunes. The nature also balances our world. Its karma in Buddhism. When one thing is becoming powerful, some unknown force just popped up to balance the nature such as the extinction of Dinosaurs, The Nazi and the empire of the sun and such. I like to travel with Christopher Columbus because he made more progress in a few months. Yes, he did exaggerated some facts about the things he saw but on the intention of further sponsoring aid from the King and the Queen of Spain. He needed that money whereas Zheng He already had a lot of money from the bribe and corruptions and he did not have to worry about the financial matter. Christophers letter is justified based on the ground that he was traveling on a tight budget. Another reason I want to travel with Christopher was the support he got from his country. Even Buddha can not become the The unrivaled Lord without some support. Chinese at that time were ignorant and conceited, which is said in the passage Chinese elites regarded their country as the Middle Kingdom and believed they had nothing to learn from the barbarians abroad. India much of the same self-satisfaction. India did not go to Portugal because it could not but because it did not want to I want to live in a culture which is open-minded, outward-looking and willing to accept new ideas and willing to accumulate new talents instead of achieving and forgetting it. Yes, ignorance and the tendency to take everything for granted bring very huge civilization such as China and the Roman Empire and such European countries committed suicide selectively. So when Portugal slipped into the quasi-Chinese mind-set in the sixteenth century, slaughtering Jews and burning heretics and driving astronomers and scientists abroad, Holland and England were free to take up the slack. What I think is, yes, Asia was once an unbeatable empire but they lacked the will to exploit the mind and move from the agricultural to industrial age. .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf , .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .postImageUrl , .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf , .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf:hover , .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf:visited , .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf:active { border:0!important; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf:active , .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u379541bb245b69913cc93f7650c1e9bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm 7 Essay That was its one of the wrong choices .

My Dog free essay sample

Carefully carried the dog to the car but before that I placed some newspaper on the car’s seat because the dog might vomit or pee due to drowsiness in long distance travelling. Then said bye to my sister in law and I moved from their place, and when I was driving I heard a sound urweerghh urwerghh urwerghh. . . . . . hmm wat was that? Mum and I was surprised and she turn around to look at the puppy and then she told me stop the car!!! And I asked her why what happened? She said ur dog has vomited in the car, then I drove to the nearest rest house, got down and cleaned n wiped him with tissue paper and I replaced the paper in the car and luckily I placed some paper before letting him sit if no I would have been cleaning the rite now. Soon we reached home then now its time to find a place for my cute little puppy to sleep and relax. We will write a custom essay sample on My Dog or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At first I just let him roam around the house compound to let him get used to the environment. Waited for my dad to get home then I took him to the pets shop to get my new dog some accessories, I bought him a collar belt, a long belt, a plate to eat and drink water, milk, puppy food, toys and biscuits.. the cashier count and count and count then the bill was RM 120! ! ! fuhh!! Having a puppy dog is so expensive, then came back home and now its time to feed my new puppy so I gave him some puppy food with milk and waited there to see the reaction of the puppy but it doesn’t want to eat, then came my father trying to convince him hmm still no improvement. I told my father: its ok pa this is the first day so we just leave it maybe its having some stomach upset so that it doesn’t want to eat. So I just left the food and went inside , I didn’t prepare a kennel for him because its still small to lock him so I just plan to collar him and long tie him up to the gate with the long belt but due to new environment and new place I just let him untied. I was cracking my head†¦ for what? What to the name the puppy? But since I like the name very much I choose to name I tat way. Then its time for me to study about Rottweiler because I wanted to take this dog for competition I cannot just take care of the dog without some knowledge about it because dog are very sensitive especially imported breed dogs need special attention and care as well†¦ so I just browsed the internet and got some information follows: The Rottweiler is a medium to large size breed of domestic dog that originated in Rottweiler, Germany. The dogs were known as Rottweiler butchers dogs (German: Rottweiler Metzgerhund) because they were used to herd livestock and pull carts laden with butchered meat and other products to market. Some records indicate that earlier Rottweiler’s may have also been used for hunting, although the modern Rottweiler has a relatively low hunting instinct. The Rottweiler was employed in its traditional roles until the mid-19th century when railways replaced droving for getting livestock to market. While still used in herding, Rottweiler’s are now also used in search and rescue, as guide dogs for the blind, as guard or police dogs, and in other roles. Although a versatile breed used in recent times for many purposes, the Rottweiler is primarily known as one of the oldest herding breeds. A multi-faceted herding and stock protection dog, it is capable of working all kinds of livestock under a variety of conditions. The breeds history likely dates to the Roman Empire. In those times, the Roman legion traveled with working dogs to herd the cattle needed to feed the army. The skull is of medium length, broad between the ears. The forehead line is moderately arched as seen from the side, with the occipital bone well developed without being conspicuous. The stop is well defined. The Rottweiler nose is well developed, more broad than round, with relatively large nostrils and always black. The muzzle should appear neither elongated nor shortened in relation to the cranial region. The nasal bridge is broad at the base and moderately tapered. The lips are black and close fitting with the corner of the mouth not visible. The gums should be as dark as possible. Both the upper and lower jaws are strong and broad. According to the FCI Standard Rottweiler’s should have strong and complete dentition (42 teeth) with scissor bite, the upper incisors closely overlapping the lower incisors. The zygomatic arches should be pronounced. The eyes should be of medium size, almond-shaped and dark brown in color. The eyelids are close fitting. The ears are medium-sized, pendant, triangular, wide apart, and set high on the head. With the ears laid forward close to the head, the skull appears to be broadened. The skin on the head is tight fitting overall. When the dog is alert, the forehead may be slightly wrinkled. The neck is strong, of fair length, well muscled, slightly arched, clean, free from throatiness. The back is straight, strong and firm. The loins are short, strong and deep. The croup is broad, of medium length, and slightly rounded, neither flat nor falling away. The chest is roomy, broad and deep (approximately 50% of the shoulder height) with a well-developed fore chest and well sprung ribs. The flanks are not tucked up. Docking is banned in many countries, but remains egal in others, Rottweiler tail is level in extension of the upper line; at ease it may be hanging â€Å"When seen from the front, the front legs are straight and not placed close to each other. The forearm, seen from the side, stands straight and vertical. The slope of the shoulder blade is about 45 degrees. The shoulders are well laid back. The upper arm is close fitting to the body. The forearm is strongly developed and muscular. Pasterns are slightly springy, strong but not steep. The front feet are round, tight and well arched, the pads hard, nails are short, black and strong. When seen from behind, the rear legs are straight and not too close together. When standing free, obtuse angles are formed between the dog’s upper thigh and the hip bone, the upper thigh and the lower thigh, and the lower thigh and metatarsal. The upper thigh is moderately long, broad and strongly muscled. The lower thigh is long, strongly and broadly muscled, sinewy. The hocks are sturdy, well angulated, not steep. The hind feet are slightly longer than the front feet. Toes are strong, arched, as tight as the front feet. Rottweiler’s are a powerful breed with well-developed genetic herding and guarding instincts. As with any breed, potentially dangerous behavior in Rottweiler’s usually results from irresponsible ownership, abuse, neglect, or lack of socialization and training. However, the exceptional strength of the Rottweiler is an additional risk factor not to be neglected. It is for this reason that breed experts recommend that formal training and extensive socialization are essential for all Rottweiler’s. A Rottweiler is self-confident and responds quietly and with a wait-and-see attitude to influences in its environment. It has an inherent desire to protect home and family, and is an intelligent dog of extreme hardness and adaptability with a strong willingness to work, making them especially suited as a companion, guardian and general all-purpose dog. Rottweiler’s have a natural gathering style with a strong desire to control. They generally show a loose-eye and have a great amount of force while working well off the stock. They make much use of their ability to intimidate. The Rottweiler often carries the head on an even plane with the back or carries the head up but with the neck and shoulders lowered. Some females lower the entire front end slightly when using their eyes. Males also do this when working far off the stock in an open field. This is rarely seen in males when working in confined spaces such as stock yards. The Rottweiler has a reasonably good natural balance, force-barks when necessary, and when working cattle uses a very intimidating charge. There is a natural change in forcefulness when herding sheep. When working cattle it may use its body and shoulders and for this reason should be used on horned stock with caution. The Rottweiler, when working cattle, searches out the dominant animal and challenges it. Upon proving its control over that animal it settles back and tends to its work. After a long study about this I have learned a lot in how to take of the dog I owned. As usual days went and it has been a week plus ZUMBHA staying with us, naturally it was a very playful and active dog but after about a week it doesn’t want t drink anything and it always looked very inactive and sad†¦ I gave him all kind of food even the canned foods which dogs always love but it doesn’t want to eat anything but why? So the next day I took ZUMBHA to the vet nearby to my house. The doctor checked him and asked me what happen to your dog so I told him that its not eating from yesterday and its having diarrhea and vomiting, then the doctor gave him a few injection and a few medicines and for the first time I saw such a big injection for such a small dog? I feel pity for the little fellow it screamed loudly till my father who waited outside came into the room. Then we went back so I gave him the medicines according to the doctor’s prescription but its condition was still not good as it didn’t stop vomiting and its diarrhea continous so I got even more scared but unfortunately it was Saturday night and almost all the vet will be closed by that time, I called up so many friends to find out whether is there 24hours vet anywhere and at last I found one so I quickly rushed and the nurse came out as I was carrying ZUMBHA in my arms. The nurse asked: what happen to your dog and I answered her and without any answer about the dog she just continued saying that ms its now over consulting hours so once the doctor check your dog the consultation fees will be RM 90 but when I look at the dog I think we will admit it and the deposit for the admission will be RM 700 STOP!!!! I shouted at her what kind of clinic is this u don even touch my dog? U don’t even let me in to see the doctor and u stop me in front of the gate and you are talking about money while my dog is sick†¦ your attitude is more worst than a dog†¦ I told her directly : look I don’t mind paying you but your service is very bad when u don even check my dog and all u want was money!!!!!! That night I couldn’t sleep I was giving ZUMBHA some glucose due to its condition was getting weak and helpless†¦. I stayed up till the next morning pumping glucose water every one hour but it continued vomiting and started to diarrhea blood. I got even more scared about him and I was worried what’s going on with this little boy? Waited for the next morning and I took him to the vet that I know, the doctor took its blood and checked him and gave him some drips in a few minutes the doctor gave me the results, actually ZUMBHA was infected with virus named as PARVOVIRUS which is very common among Rottweiler’s and he said no promises but I will try my best to save him, I felt very sad and the doctor admitted the dog and I went back home. As it was Sunday the clinic was closed and the doctor’s next check up will be at 8, he called me n told ZUMBHA’s condition is even more worst than afternoon there is where I lost hope, I was sleepless the whole night waiting for the next morning because I wanted to visit ZUMBHA but before that I received a call from the doctor around 8 am saying that the dog is dead and you can collect it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ cracked and crushed all my dream and hope to have a good dog†¦.

Dont Be Too Eager to Publish

Dont Be Too Eager to Publish Dont Be Too Eager to Publish Dont Be Too Eager to Publish By Maeve Maddox My son gave me a mystery the other day. Hed encountered the author at Barnes and Nobles and, having chatted with the man, he felt bound to buy a copy of his book. Well call the writer Author X. Under the attractive dust jacket, the sturdy binding is stamped with the title and authors name in gilt letters. The book could have been produced by a major publisher. As soon as I read the first paragraph, however, I knew that the book had been self-published. With a bit of disguise, heres the first paragraph: The phone jingled on Butch Grands desk and jolted him out of his daydream. He had been thinking about how hot and dry the last two years had been and was hoping this year would be better. As Police Chief of Philadelphia, Mississippi, things just went better for him when it was cooler and they got some rain. The phone rang again and he took the receiver off the hook. Whats the first clue that Author X is not a professional? He tells the reader that the character is having a daydream, and then he tells what the daydream was about. An experienced writer would have placed the reader in the daydream with sensory details, and then jolted him out of it to answer the phone. An experienced writer would probably have had him answer or pick up or perhaps just start talking, and not have told us that the man took the receiver off the hook. See if you can identify any other marks of too little revision. This opening paragraph is followed by a lengthy conversation with a woman who is reporting the discovery of a body at the town dump: No, she didnt discover it, some boys did. And then she puts a boy on the phone and the police chief asks how he spells his name and then he talks to the woman again and wants to know what time she cooks supper and then he tells her that he might not be able to get to the dump right away and then he drifts off again thinking about the fact that the town hasnt had a murder in seven years and then a Hello? at the other end of the line jars him back to business and then he hangs up the receiver and sets the phone back on the desk All this has taken us to page 3. Now we learn that he warned the woman that he might be late because his department has only two patrol cars and both are out with other drivers so he goes to the cafe and gets the Sheriff to drive him to the dump and on the way he thinks about how the dump originated and what the town was like in the 1800s and then they get to the dump where the two men exchange introductions with the boys who found the body and then, finally, on page 8, we see the body. Mysteries can open in various ways. Established authors like Elizabeth George and Sara Paretsky can afford to begin with descriptions of weather and the thoughts of their characters because their readers are confident they are entering a fictional world that has entertained them in the past. First-time authors have to work harder at drawing the reader in with the first paragraph. The body does not have to appear in Chapter One, but if you decide to put it there, get on with it! Consider this opening paragraph: The bodies were discovered at eight forty-five on the morning of Wednesday 18 September by Miss Emily Wharton, a sixty-five-year-old spinster of the parish of St. Mathhews in Paddington, London and Darren Wilkes, aged ten, of no particular parish as far as he knew or cared. P.D. James, A Taste for Death. Like Author X, James delays our first look at the bodies until several pages later. We dont see them until page 9. But where Author X rambles about, talking about this and that, throwing in lengthy conversation and irrelevant detail, James uses the intervening pages to build suspense and horror in the reader. The existence of the bodies is established in the first sentence, but then James makes us wait as she reveals the relationship between the woman and the boy. The more we know about them, the more we want to know what kind of circumstances could have led them to discover dead bodies. When we finally do see the bodies, our horror is greater because we see them through gentle Miss Whartons eyes. The main problem with Author Xs story is that he was too eager to publish. He was not willing to do the revision necessary to turn a draft into a (professionally) publishable manuscript. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?Ulterior and Alterior

Brain Death Scenario Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brain Death Scenario - Term Paper Example The battle intensifies and begins to disrupt the medical and nursing staff. Thesis Brain death is a physiological condition which is underpinned by heavy legal, ethical and medical implications and must therefore be handled with a wholesome and informed approach. Purpose of the paper The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ethical, legal and medical implications that surround brain death, and to divulge on how physicians should handle brain death. a) Ethical Issues Surrounding the Situation One of the ethical issues is that of organ donation or harvesting. The law consents that organs can be harvested from patients who are brain dead, provided that all provisions specified within the law are observed. This is because, brain death can lead to legal death despite the patient’s heartbeats and respiration being sustained through mechanical ventilation, thereby making the sustenance of vital organs for organ transplantation very possible. In this case, it is impossible to carry out organ harvesting since the patient’s brain death has not been conclusively established. This failure to establish the patient’s status precludes the law of any jurisdiction since all laws only give injunctions on where the patient’s status is clear. Thus, whether the patient is an automatic donor or not does not yet apply. In almost the same wavelength, organ transplant cannot be carried out because the consent of the next-of-kin or family members is a prerequisite for organ donation, if the patient had previously not stated his desire to be a donor. Nonetheless, even in this case, organ harvesting and donation will be ethically impossible since the patient’s family members are in total disagreement (Dubler, 2011). Another ethical twist to this matter concerns the scarcity of healthcare or medical resources. Because healthcare or medical resources are scarce and barely able to satisfy its large demand, there is pressure that such resources are extend ed to only viable cases. It is against this backdrop that brain dead patients who are non-organ donors are disconnected from the ventilator and drug support so that cardiac death may subsequently ensue. However, in this case, the patient must not be denied the ventilator, drugs and all manner of healthcare support since it has not yet been established whether the patient is brain-dead or not. Physicians must always diagnose the patient fully, in order to know his status, before administering any form of medical intervention on any patient. The case in point is not only applicable, but is also serious, warranting thorough diagnosis. b) Legal Issues Relating to This Situation Though physicians are the ones who ascertain whether legal criteria of death have been satisfied or not, it is the law that sets the criteria by which the description of death is to be done. Thus, it is important to reiterate the fact that the patient, despite his state of brain death, is legally still alive. The reason for this patient being rendered alive is twofold. First, it is important to note that even when legal indicators of life (respiration and heartbeat) are being artificially run (through the use of a ventilator), the patient is still considered living. Secondly, the law marks death as having taken place upon legal consequences starting to take effect. The most serious legal consequence is the distribution of the patient’s estate either under intestacy or a will. Another consequence is the

Social Work Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Work Program - Essay Example My dad saw me and waved, that I didn’t â€Å"see† either. My dad was, however, quite enthusiastic and cool about the whole thing, though he never actually discussed it with me, since he could see I was ashamed of what he did. The turning point came the day when he left his court, it was freezing and mum decided to drive to him and, I agreed to accompany her. I was disappointed in a way, I expected to find hordes of desperate uneducated and hopeless people at the shelter, a few appeared that way, but several of those I talked to seemed reasonable and sane enough for me to wonder what they were doing in shelters. A young man, who told me of his dream to join college, was shattered by addiction to drugs, and he left home because he could not face his parents. He still hoped to pull himself out of the situation; that night I plucked the courage and asked dad to tell me about what he did. By the time he was done, my perspective had undergone a paradigm shift, and when I aske d him why, he told me a story about his past, which I was not familiar with. For three years in his youth he had struggled with drugs and ended up in a shelter where he spent 6 months. Someone helped him get back on his feet again, but he had decided he would always show his appreciation for as long as he could. Therefore, my dad, a hotshot banker, once depended on a shelter from sustenance, now I was ashamed, not of his past, but my closed-mindedness. From that point on, I tried to learn as much as I could about social work from my dad and my teachers. Now I can say that my dad’s example influenced me a lot and I appreciate the chance to have helped me find my true vocation. My key values in live are honesty, fairness and compassion for everyone, I believe everyone deserves a second chance, and nobody should be judged because of their current situation, since it is important we try to find out how someone has got there. I also avoid judging or criticizing people because I be lieve until you know all about someone’s problems and the background circumstances, you are ill-equipped to decide if he/she is willing to change his/her life or not. Everyone should be listened to, supported and given the benefit to doubt his or her social status (Arwen, 2012). The main strength that may enable me to become a good social worker is that I have a compassionate nature. Besides, I am an adept at compartmentalizing my issues; that is to say, if someone makes me angry at some point I will not project it on the next person I meet, since I deal with issues independently. I believe this is particularly crucial, since many of the people social workers need to face are not easy to deal with and require infinite amount of patience. I may not have it in infinite quantities, but I have enough to deal with most of the challenges a social worker is expected to deal with. Communication skills are vital for any social worker, and I have excellent communication skills, I am a good listener who can easily assume the other person’s perspective, hence, understand their situation better. Social work requires emotional maturity and experience; in the past, I have spent many hours volunteering and, as such, I consider myself modestly experienced. I hope to join the

Data Analysis, Conclusion, and Plan of Action (recommendation) Essay

Data Analysis, Conclusion, and Plan of Action (recommendation) - Essay Example One of the most popular studies has been undertaken by Skinner, which focuses on the issue of punishment and motivation. According to his argument, when a person is made to undergo a punishment, then they reflect upon their actions and try to mend their behavior in a manner that is more acceptable to the society. However, skinner further clarifies that one should teach good behavior through positive reinforcement. Consider the clip system as part of the ‘Intervention strategy’, which constituted thinking and formulation of a set of rules. Under an experiment, students in a class were made to develop a strategy to wait for their turn to recite a poem. While there were initial problems ranging from interruptions to a noisy classrooms to students disrespecting each other, inducing a sense of motivation into students to present a high five clip to the student at the start of a turn helped in bringing an order into the system where every student soon waited for their turn. As such, through the use of motivation, it can be seen that rules can be formulated gradually. Skinner’s study on operant conditioning in 1938 was to establish of positive reinforcement, which he believed helped maintain the desired behavior in a very effective manner. Parents and teachers make use of the concept of rewarding young children to help manage their behavior. Examples in this regard would be to give sweets or mark stars for a pupil who scored the highest grades in a particular subject or exam. Harry Wong has deduced that students tend to learn the best in a controlled environment when the number of rules is kept between 3 to 5, which helps students to remember them with ease. By devising a small set of tangible rules, students were able to practice their decision making abilities on the basis of these rules and make the necessary changes in an effort to accommodate themselves into the new rule based system. Another technique under behavioral psychology is self

Construction of Information Engine

Construction of Information Engine Coiza Making sense of information   1. Introduction I more or less run my life directed by information from the Internet. I check the weather, check the traffic, look for places to go, look for reviews for the places, get updates from my friends and work and browse lots of information from many other sources. The information I am interested in depends on many factors including the time of the day, my location, whether it is a work day or a weekend, whether I am at home or on vacation. Indeed many times the information I am interested is prompted by information I have already discovered. For example, on a work day I might check the weather and, if it looks like rain, check the availability of trains to get me home (well I wouldnt want to get wet!). Technology like Google Now do a great job of automating information assimilation by guessing what information relevant is relevant to me. The challenge of this type of technology is that assimilation, particularly across many information sources, can be complex and not easy to guess. An alternative approach is to explicitly define the rules by which information is assimilated in a way that can then be automatically processed by what I call Information Engines. In this article I want to talk about an Information Engine that I have constructed called Coiza. Coiza is built around information channels that can be subscribed to and which display information as feeds like those used by Facebook and Twitter. Channels may display raw information, for example a news channel (like the BBC), or may display information resulting from combining information, for example location and Wikipedia summaries for that location. Channels can produce any information including context information like location and time of day. The most interesting feature of Coiza is that it allows the definition of new channels based on existing channels and rules on how the information from the existing channels gets used to produce information from a new channel. 2. Viewing Channels Channels can be subscribed to within Coiza. Depending on the channel it may be necessary to supply parameter values and/or authorisations for Coiza to access private information (e.g. Google Calendar) using the OAuth protocol. Once channels have been subscribed to then information is displayed from that channel in a feed like format where the feed is hidden if there is no information to display. 3. Creating Channels Viewing channels is where most users will spend the majority of the time, but the richness of channels available to view is enabled by ability to build new channels with relative ease. Any user within Coiza can create and publish channels by writing CoizaLang code. CoizaLang code consists of two primary constructs: Info A model of a piece of information that is either consumed or produced by a channel and can be rendered within feeds. Channel Consumes zero or more info flows, emits a single info flow, and defines rules for producing the output flow. Channels may be nested within each other. 3.1 Building Infos Here is an example of a CoizaLang info for Message illustrating the key features of infos. Firstly like all constructs, infos live within a namespace, or package, in this case coiza since it is supplied as part of the coiza platform. All infos (and for that matter channels) must live in a namespace beginning with the username of the coiza user that created it which in my case is jwillans. Infos can subtype, or extend, other infos which, as we shall see a bit later, allows the same instance of a type to play different roles depending on the channel using it. In this example Message subtypes TitledContent and, in addition to having the link and author fields defined locally, title and content fields are inherited through the sub type relationship. Fields can be typed using primitive values or other info types. A further important feature of infos is the optional render block which defines how infos are turned into html for display within a feed. When a subscribed channel is displayed (see the screenshot in Section 2) the supplied feed is a result of turning infos into html using the render block. Render blocks support a subset of html along with the ability to reference and navigate info fields using a small expression language. 3.2 Building Channels Channels are the bread and butter of coiza. A CoizaLang channel has zero or more input ports, a single output port, all of which are typed by infos. The job of a channel is to produce output infos often as a result of processing input infos. The resulting infos can then either be displayed as feeds, assuming the channel has being subscribed to, and/or used as the input to a further channel. In this way networks of channels can be created building on one another. 3.2.1 Getting the news Here is a simple example of a channel which does not do any processing directly but wraps the existing channel RSSFeedProvider to define a BBC news channel. I sometimes call these types of channels assembly channels. RSSFeedProvider is one of a number of channels that hook in to externally supplied data, in this case getting information from an RSS feed. Other example of external data channels in coiza includes Google Calendar, IMAP email, LinkedIn, current location, Wikipedia, currency converters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and the list is growing all the time. From a coiza point of view these behave exactly like any other (user defined) channel. Like infos, channels are named and live within a package namespace. A channel can have zero or more parameters which are declared in the parenthesis after the channel name (line 5). In the case of the BBC News channel no parameters are required. However RSSFeedProvider does have a single string parameter defining the RSS feed location, and the URL of the BBC news feed is supplied as an argument to the RSS feed (line 7). This BBC News channel has no input ports but defines a single output port (line 9) which simply takes the output of RSSFeedProvider. By the way, although it cannot be seen from the above code, RSSFeedProvider produces infos of type Message which we covered in the previous section. 3.2.2 Filtering the news Lets get more adventurous and explore some of the other features of CoizaLang. Suppose we wanted to filter the news by title, we could define a further channel as follows: FilteredTitle demonstrates a parameterised channel, requiring a filter string, with both input (+) and output (-) ports and a body that does some processing. Note how the ports are typed as Titled infoswhich is the base type Message subtypes thereby enabling this channel to filter titles on any type that extends Titled including Messages. The body of the channel iterates over all the incoming infos from feed and filters them using a pattern (line 11) which essentially says that an info must be of type Titled and the title field must contain the value of filter. Any matching infos are emitted to the output port. Now that we have a filter channel we can create a new assembly channel to filter the BBC news leveraging the two channels we have created. Most of the features of this channel has been illustrated previously, the one new feature is the wire declaration (line 14) which, as you may guess, defines how output ports are connected to input ports. In this case how the output of the BBC news channel is the input of the filter title channel. The output of this channel is then the output of the assembly channel (line 12). 3.2.3 Publishing the news During developing a channel it is possible to test the channel in order to ensure it works as designed as shown below. For a user channel to be subscribable, and used outside of testing, then it is important to guarantee that it is not going to change. To do this, a channel must be published which then prevents change. Before publication can happen, all infos or channels that are referenced by the channel must also be published and the channel must not have any type checking issues (there is no sense in publishing a channel that wont work). Unpublishing can only take place if the construct being unpublished has no dependents either in the form of other constructs or user subscriptions. If a change is required to a published channel with dependents then the only approach is to create a new version of that channel (or indeed info). We have created a couple of channels BBC News and Filtered BBC News that once published can be subscribed to by any user. Rather than the user having to search for the CoizaLang channel name (i.e. BBCNews or FilteredBBCNews) it is possible to give the channel a user friendly name along with a description which are both used as part of the search for subscribable channels mechanism. 3.2.4 Tell me in the morning Youve probably got a handle now on how coiza works and how anyone can build channels and those channels once published can either be subscribed to or used as a basis of further channels. By way of a final example, if Bob Brown publishes a channel to filter based on the time of day, then we can create another BBC News channel which filters both on the title and the time of day. 4. Summary I have talked about how Information Engines can help bring information together into a form that is more appropriate to what the users is interested in knowing, and I have walked through an example of an Information Engine I have constructed called Coiza. Hopefully Coiza looks useful and you will consider becoming a subscriber to the rich array of channels that are beginning to be defined or indeed define one or more channel for yourself. Finally in case you were wondering why is Coiza called Coiza it comes from the Portuguese word coisa meaning thing!

State of California versus Frankenstein :: Argumentative Persuasive Mary Shelley Essays

State of California versus Frankenstein Ladies and gentleman of the jury we are gathered here today to highlight the injustices, prove the innocence, and consequently save the life of a man that has been dealt the wrong hand since even before his existence. A man who with no power of his own, was put into situations that forced him to behave the way that he did. His actions were just mirror reflections of the behavior that he was taught, and seeing how he was perceived as being a monster rather than human, he soon began to fulfill the role of the monster he was seen as. Mr. Frankenstein had not the power nor was he given the ability to control his own actions. He has been made a victim of circumstance. In conclusion, I will try to prove that Frankenstein should not be held personally or morally responsible for his actions, because forces outside his control caused his criminality. < Doctor Victor Frankenstein once stated "A new species will bless me as its creator and source: many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me" (Shelley 223). Yet, Dr. Victor did not think about the consequences of his actions, he did not think about the effect it would have on his creation. He was just empowered by the vision of creating a human being. "His sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body" (Shelley 233). Dr. Victor gathered the material he needed to create Frankenstein. Yet, he never thought of the negative aspects that his creation would inherit due to its degenerate body parts. First, let's talk about the neurophysiological aspect. Frankenstein was given an abnormal brain, the brain of a criminal. To the Doctor's defense he did not know that the stolen brain was one that belonged to a criminal;however, it is very possible that the new brain recipient inherited the anti-social behavior possessed by the former. A second point worth noting is Frankensteins' genetic makeup. The massive abnormalities in which Frankenstein has had to endure reflects his behavior. For example, his unproportionate body parts his hands longer than a normal human being. This mans' unusual height, eight feet tall is proportionally larger and stronger than any other man. A figure covered by many scars that bond each piece of raw material that was used to create Frankenstein. And that face, the face of an outcast, which whenever seen, frightens any creature around, whether it be human or animal.

Brand Loyalty †Thesis Proposal Essay

The current financial crisis has spread around the world and no consumer has stayed untouched. In economic downturns, consumers are trying to better manage their expenses due to uncertainty for the future. In such cases, their brand loyalty might be shaken. Especially for UK consumers, whose purchasing power is lower than the other nations, the situation in the beginning of 2010 seems to be much more difficult. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the current recession on UK consumers’ brand loyalty. A quantitative method will be employed and the empirical data will be collected through questionnaire survey with a sample of fifty UK consumers from the area of Thessaloniki. The questionnaire survey will be distributed to different people regardless of age and demographic characteristics, backgrounds and attitudes. The results of the study will aim to show that not all consumers’ brand loyalty has been shaken the same by the recession but some types of consumers were more affected compared to others. Furthermore, the research will aim to indicate that brand loyalty varies over products so some product and service categories lost a big part of their market share. The findings might be interesting and useful to several companies that would like to be aware both of the profiles of the customers that are more likely to switch to cheaper brands and the products that will easily lose a part of their market share during a recession so that can formulate the appropriate marketing strategy. In the highlighted part right the name of the area where it will be easier for to distribute fifty surveys and get them back. What Influences brand loyalty towards cigarette brands in the UK market? Brand loyalty has been a one of the biggest issues in the world of marketing over the last years. The two topics of brand loyalty and cigarette smoking have rarely been linked. A possible reason for this is that researchers might feel that it is in some way unethical to provide managerial suggestions for tobacco producers. The aim of this study is to clarify that matter and get knowledge about which product-related, psychographic, health-related and demographic factors influence the brand loyalty among smokers and to what extent. By examining brand loyalty towards cigarette brands, those factors which in fact decrease brand loyalty can be identified. In the literature review, the necessary background will be referenced to answer the research questions. The research will be conducted on a quantitative basis. The main research method used will be questionnaire survey. It is the researcher’s belief that this study will provide new and interesting perspective on the topic of brand loyalty, as well as the researcher hopes that the results will be beneficial for social marketers in their fight against cigarette smoking. What effect does sponsorship have on brand loyalty: A case study of Vodafone customers An increasingly larger marketing budget is allocated to sponsoring in companies. This has triggered the attention of the academics to research what the exact effects of sponsorship on a sponsoring brand are. This study fills a gap in the sponsorship literature by focusing on both current customers and looking at sponsorship from both negative and positive perspective. It researches what the effects of sponsorship are on brand loyalty for current customers concerning a sponsored party. Prior literature on both sponsorship and brand loyalty is explored to establish a sound theoretical reference. The review will demonstrate that negative and positive incidences as the context has a negative and positive effect respectively on attitude change toward the sponsored party, which in turn influences change in brand loyalty. The established theoretical reference is tested by means on a questionnaire survey. The sample will consist of Vodafone customers, which are tested on the change in attitudes toward the sponsored team (McLaren-Mercedes Formula 1 team for Vodafone) and on the change in attitudes and behavior toward the sponsoring brand.

Free Essays on Supercomputing

By a "superintelligence" we mean an intellect that is much smarter than the best human brains in practically every field, including scientific creativity, general wisdom and social skills. This definition leaves open how the superintelligence is implemented: it could be a digital computer, an ensemble of networked computers, cultured cortical tissue or what have you. It also leaves open whether the superintelligence is conscious and has subjective experiences. Entities such as companies or the scientific community are not superintelligences according to this definition. Although they can perform a number of tasks of which no individual human is capable, they are not intellects and there are many fields in which they perform much worse than a human brain - for example, you can't have real-time conversation with "the scientific community". Superintelligence requires software as well as hardware. There are several approaches to the software problem, varying in the amount of top-down direction they require. At the one extreme we have systems like CYC which is a very large encyclopedia-like knowledge-base and inference-engine. It has been spoon-fed facts, rules of thumb and heuristics for over a decade by a team of human knowledge enterers. While systems like CYC might be good for certain practical tasks, this hardly seems like an approach that will convince AI-skeptics that superintelligence might well happen in the foreseeable future. We have to look at paradigms that require less human input, ones that make more use of bottom-up methods. Given sufficient hardware and the right sort of programming, we could make the machines learn in the same way a child does, i.e. by interacting with human ad... Free Essays on Supercomputing Free Essays on Supercomputing By a "superintelligence" we mean an intellect that is much smarter than the best human brains in practically every field, including scientific creativity, general wisdom and social skills. This definition leaves open how the superintelligence is implemented: it could be a digital computer, an ensemble of networked computers, cultured cortical tissue or what have you. It also leaves open whether the superintelligence is conscious and has subjective experiences. Entities such as companies or the scientific community are not superintelligences according to this definition. Although they can perform a number of tasks of which no individual human is capable, they are not intellects and there are many fields in which they perform much worse than a human brain - for example, you can't have real-time conversation with "the scientific community". Superintelligence requires software as well as hardware. There are several approaches to the software problem, varying in the amount of top-down direction they require. At the one extreme we have systems like CYC which is a very large encyclopedia-like knowledge-base and inference-engine. It has been spoon-fed facts, rules of thumb and heuristics for over a decade by a team of human knowledge enterers. While systems like CYC might be good for certain practical tasks, this hardly seems like an approach that will convince AI-skeptics that superintelligence might well happen in the foreseeable future. We have to look at paradigms that require less human input, ones that make more use of bottom-up methods. Given sufficient hardware and the right sort of programming, we could make the machines learn in the same way a child does, i.e. by interacting with human ad...

The film Psycho Essays

The film Psycho Essays The film Psycho Paper The film Psycho Paper Analyse the ways in which Alfred Hitchcock builds tension and fear in the shower scene in the film Psycho Robert Bloch first released Psycho in 1957 in form of a novel, but it was better known as a film directed and edited by the master of suspense, Alfred Hitchcock, and it was first released on big screens in 1960. The film was highly controversial at the time due to the strict morals and ethics enforced by the Motion Picture Association, but escaped the censorship laws due to numerous tricks that Hitchcock deployed, to bend the rules. Hitchcock got around Normans transvestite side, which along with homosexuality was taboo at the time, and by saying that Norman was not dressing up as a woman for sexual reasons so therefore was not a transvestite. These factors plus many more like the verity of camera angles, music and most importantly the plot helped Hitchcock to wheel in his audience to come and see Psycho. Throughout the film Psycho there are numerous techniques used that assisted Hitchcock to keep his audience in suspense and tension. One clear example, in the storyline is in the introduction. Never before on the big screens in the 1960s would the audience have ever dreamt to imagine a semi naked figure on screen, but when that is the dress status of the first two characters the audience are shocked and horrified, and this clever tactic would have kept his audience interested and poised in their seats. Hitchcock took advantage of his stunned audience and used a series of close and long moving shots to move in on Marion. This would have made his audience feel particularly uncomfortable because it would almost seem that they are spying on Marion, and her male companion. This different introduction would have lead the audience to believe the film would be about Marion and her male companions relationship. So, Hitchcock developed the story line and plots very cleverly, as the title of the film is called Psycho, the first ten to twenty minutes, the film resembled a romance story but then dramatically changed to a police enquiry, which would have lead to the Hitchcocks audience being engaged with the film as they are eager to find out more about Marion moreover the audience would be trying to figure out what the plot of the film actually was. And it is near the middle of the film the audience started to get vivid image of death, there were two stuffed birds of prey in Norman Bates office, where he offered Marion dinner when she took a pit stop at a motel called Bates Motel. One an owl and the other a crow which both represent death. This is one of the most meaningful and ironic scenes that are seen throughout the whole film. The position of the birds are very important as they are towered over Marion, which suggested perhaps that death is going to come to her soon. The room was very dark and Hitchcock had used dark coloured walls, to give a huge shadow effect on the birds, to give them a scarier and sinister look. A lot of tension was created in this particular scene but then when Marion starts the conversation she found it somehow relaxing. And without noticing Marion gave her real name when earlier she intentionally gave another. When she went into her room, Norman also went into the back of the office, and it is now when suspense in Psycho came combined with suspicion When Norman watched Marion through a peephole, Hitchcock was particularly clever at this point because the audience would brand Norman a weirdo and a pervert but would soon fell very strange, as they would be watching through his eyes, as if they were, the weirdo and not Norman. As Marion took her clothes off, the camera takes a shot of Marion standing in black underwear, which in the 1960s gives a symbol of wanting to have sex. Ironically, in the beginning of the film she was wearing white underwear which is a symbol of purity and cleanliness. This office scene was soon to be followed by an extraordinary and famous shower scene, which took Hitchcock seventy-one to seventy-eight different camera set ups to film. Which suggested that Hitchcock wanted the scene to be perfect. The shower scene took seven days to film and only lasted forty-five seconds. It opened with Marion taking off her robe for a shower. She was located in a white tile bathroom, which was brightly lit. All the natural sounds were emphasised; the toilet being flushed, soap packet being opened, movement of the shower and shower curtains. The audience could not predict a murder was about to happen because everything seemed superficially fine there are no real sign of foreboding. So when Marion took of her dressing gown and stepped into the bath, pulling the shower curtain across, normality was still sustained however the audience start to get a feeling of suspense and tension due to the lack of action. The camera angle at this scene is very important as the camera took a low angle shot and transferred to a high angle shot. The angle illustrated that characters identity was changing. This showed the audience that the character goes from being superior to powerless suggesting that something bad was about to happen. In addition, Marion having a shower suggested that she was washing away all her wrong doings to make herself to the audience as being deeply relaxed as she was smiling. Hitchcock gave tranquillity and calmness to the audience as he made them enjoy her shower. But to their sudden horror the bath room door opened and a figure appeared in the room. An over the shoulder shot was used as it prepared the audience for an attack, because they saw what Marion couldnt and this created a lot of eeriness in the atmosphere. Another over the shoulder shot was used, and suspense is further created as the figure advanced towards the shower, footsteps were not heard because of the loud sound effects of the water, and as the curtains were closed the audience couldnt see the figures face, which made the shot look like a surveillance camera. The calm and normal atmosphere was dramatically changed to being terrified as a shadow entered the bathroom with a large knife. Additionally, the frantic violin sounds added feeling of fear in the audience. And that fear effect was sustained as Marion fought and screamed for her life. Close up of Marions face allowed the audience to see and feel the pain she went through. The thriller genre is clearly identified in this particular scene. Marion soon disappeared off the screen making the audience focus and concentrate on the dark, disturbing figure. Hitchcock made the audience believe that the figure was the mother of Norman due to the shape of the hair, which is shown in silhouette. Rapid shots were shown of the killing, and several of those shots were of Marion moving form side to side and struggling to defend herself to show that she can not stop her killer. The camera swooped in with a high angled shot, which emphasised Marions blood draining away in the bath. The extreme close up of Marions hand allowed the audience to see how slowly and painfully she was dying. This aroused emotional thoughts within the audience. The audience were shocked because they knew Marions been attacked. They see the upper part of the body and her facial expressions. The high angled camera shot of Marion falling forward made Marion appear smaller which lead to her beginning to appear off the screen. This unique scene built up the tension in the audience, and image of her eyes filling the whole screen is frightening as the eye becomes lifeless and emotionless The music and the sound effects in the film Psycho also played and important role in creating tension in the audience. Hitchcock slowed down the tempo of the film, due to the fact it would have made the audience feel more shocked at the sudden death of Marion. The violin and cello in Psycho was so effective because it is used as percussion suggesting the knife strokes. Deep sounds also sound percussive, and the audience could feel them literally piercing their body. This clever method would have sent shivers to the audience. In order for Hitchcock to create fear in the minds of the audience he had to use both the fast camera angle shots and the sharp, high pitch of the music to sustain and capture the audiences fear. This in the 1960 would have made the hairs on the back of the audience stand up, but now in the new millennium the audience are prepared and have seen more horrifying films, to be frightened from Psycho. Consequently Psycho led the path in film history, and it has made horror films what they are now.

What is Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Leadership - Essay Example Through this definition it is evident that leadership involves inspiring a shared vision while involving everybody in the organization in the process. Through effective leadership, employee motivation and dedication is achieved. Leadership need not be seen as a title or a position. "Leadership is everybodys business† means that everybody is empowered to think lengthily, fashion a vision, and move towards the vision for the overall success of the set objectives. â€Å"Everyone’s business’ characterizes the relationship between the two parties; the leader and the employee. This means it is everybody’s responsibility to achieve success (Northouse, 2010). Previously, leadership measures were stringent, in that the leader was responsible for every direction. Presently, employees yearn for responsibility and each of them may be considered a leader in their own manner (Kouzes and Posner, 2012). There are several desirable results that are realized if a leader lets employees be engaged in leadership. For instance, there is employee motivation and trust among colleagues. In addition, the leader can concentrate on other important projects and assign minor leadership duties to the employees . â€Å"Leadership is not an affair of the head, but rather an affair of the heart† means that leadership encompasses being in love. Leaders must treat their workforces as humans and equals. The challenges that exist in an organization should not result in unnecessary distress for the workforce. â€Å"†¦an affair of the heart† is best explained in terms of behaviour. The leader should be mindful of the emotions of the workers in an openhearted manner. Practically speaking, it is about treatment of employees as equals. When a leader takes a course of action, he/she must postulate the impact it may have on the workforce and take remedial measures (Fairholm, 2009). Through this, there is bound to be less tension in the organization and enthusiasm to work. In most cases, the workforce

Management of ankle fracture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of ankle fracture - Essay Example According to most epidemiologists, ankle fractures have quite an extensive occurrence and the groups at high risk include adults, especially the elderly. For instance, Egol et al (2013) imply that that broken ankles have an incidence of approximately 174 cases per 100 000 adults yearly. While Parekh, Patel and Parekh (2012) assert that, the new occurrences could amount to approximately 187 fractures per 100,000 individuals every year. Nevertheless, the approximations seem to be much closer. Generally, according to Egol et al (2013) the correct treatment and categorization normally provides a decisive significance for clinical outcome. Since the mid-1900s, the rate of ankle fractures occurrences has significantly augmented in most of the industrialized states, most probably due to the growth in the number of individuals who get involved in athletics as well as the size of the aging population. Further, Parekh, Patel and Parekh (2012) indicate that the malleolar fractures (a type ankle fracture) has a vast prevalence, whereby the percentage for unimalleolar ranges from 60% to 70%. On the other hand, other fractures like bimalleolar fractures occur at a rate of 15% to 20% while the occurrence of trimalleolar fractures range at 7% to 12%. The overall rate of occurrence of the fractures especially between the genders, according to Maxey and Magnusson (2012), has a similarity. Despite this, the rate of occurrences is much higher in men especially when they are at a younger age. While higher rates of the fractures occurrence in women happens between the age group of the 50 to 70 years. Additionally, a heightened BMI and smoking have been associated with an augmented likelihood of the occurrence of broken ankle. In contrast to the radius’ fractures and other ankle fractures widespread among postmenopausal and premenopausal females, the density of the bone has not complete ly shown evidently as a key risk

Global Socities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Socities - Essay Example However the real winners are the citizens themselves – more so because it is because of them that the mayors and legislators receive these prizes. Societal relationships the world over are regarded as pertinent since these form the basis of growth and interaction amongst people. The aspect of people-to-people contact is important because they form their own communities and yet live within the domains of the society of which they are an essential part of. Being good citizens of a society means so much more, rather than mere residents within the different locales. (Saul, 2002) It is a wholly different ideology – and one that needs proper understanding by the people who activate the citizens in a positive manner. A perfect society is one in which the citizens are actively geared to reach out to each other, help the fabric of the society and in essence carve out a niche for meeting their own problems on a proactive basis. (Lipschutz, 2001) Similarly, justice and its application is an important ingredient within the active domains of citizenship. It is not only about being fair but it also holds a great deal of importance on being fair and timely. (Stoddart, 2007) It is a true saying that justice delayed is justice denied; for this reason justice takes both these things when it is defined in the truest sense of the word. Justice is radically associated with the mighty men – the rulers and the ones who govern a particular area or a regiment of soldiers. The concepts of civil rights and of civil law are both functions of the concept of civil society whereby it is that bubble of private action free of government control. (Spiro, 1999) It is not free of government action, because government action secures the nature of civil society by the protection of persons against criminal wrongs. The essence of civil society is thus that people are left by government to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, while the government protects the

The 5 Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People Essay Example for Free

The 5 Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People Essay 1. Being healthy this outcome deals with the extent to which providers contribute to the development of healthy lifestyles in children. Evidence will include ways in which providers promote the following: physical, mental, emotional and sexual health; participation in sport and exercise; healthy eating and the drinking of water; the ability to recognise and combat personal stress; having self-esteem; and the avoidance of drug taking including smoking and alcohol. There should also be assessment of the extent to which appropriate support is available for both students and staff to help achieve these positive outcomes. 2. Staying safe this outcome is principally about the extent to which providers contribute to ensuring that ‘children’ stay safe from harm. Evidence includes complying with child protection legislation, undertaking CRB checks, protecting young people and vulnerable adults from bullying, harassment and other forms of maltreatment, discrimination, crime, anti-social behaviour, sexual exploitation, exposure to violence and other dangers. Ensuring that all relevant staff are appropriately trained. 3. Enjoying and achieving this outcome includes attending and enjoying education and training, and the extent to which learners make progress with regard to their learning and their personal development. Evidence to evaluate this includes arrangements to assess and monitor learners’ progress, support learners with poor attendance and behaviour, and meet the needs of potentially underachieving groups. Also relevant will be the extent and effectiveness of the ‘enrichment’ of provision by promoting social, cultural, sporting and recreational activities. Learners’ views about the degree to which they enjoy their ‘learning life’ are taken into account here. 4. Making a positive contribution this outcome includes the development of self-confidence and enterprising behaviour in learners, together with their understanding of rights and responsibilities, and their active participation in community life. Evidence includes measures to ensure understanding of rights and responsibilities, the extent to which learners are consulted about key decisions, and the provision of opportunities for learners to develop and lead provider and community activities. There should also be a focus on enabling young people to develop appropriate independent behaviour and to avoid engaging in antisocial behaviour. 5. Achieving economic well-being this outcome includes the effectiveness of the ways in which the provider prepares learners for the acquisition of the skills and knowledge needed for employment and for economically independent living. Evidence includes arrangements for developing self-confidence, enterprise and teamwork, the provision of good careers advice and training for financial competence, and the accessibility of opportunities for work experience and work-based learning.

Legalization of Marijuana Debate

Legalization of Marijuana Debate What if one of Americas most illegal plants was also one of the worlds most beneficial plants? Marijuana has a wide variety of different applications in society, but remains illegal by federal law.  Some states have decriminalized cannabis, but federal law does not recognize state law.  Suppose that by federal law, cannabis were a decriminalized or legal substance.  An entire new world of research could arise and each of its uses would become definitive.  Perceptions concerning the use of marijuana would likely be altered.  The decriminalization or legalization of marijuana would presumably cause many economical, industrial, and medical adaptations focused towards the benefit of the United States of America. Being an activist plays a key role in the decriminalization of marijuana. Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede or direct social, political, economic, or environmental change. Activists for the legalization of marijuana have made great strides in 20 states to date based upon the supporters of its medical uses. Although Congress classified marijuana as a Schedule 1 substance (a category of drugs not considered legitimate for medical use) in 1970, instantly making it the most widely used drug in the U.S. Many disagree with this and the fight (in the media, courts, and on the streets) raises ethical issues, such as whether or not the government should be allowed to govern what people do in their own homes. In fact, up until the government started imposing restrictions in 1930, physicians still widely prescribed marijuana to their patients for a variety of reasons that are similar to the reasons people use it today (Bostwick, 2012). Marijuana, as most people commonly know it, is actually a plant called hemp, or cannabis sativa. Hemp is any durable plant used since prehistory for many purposes, such as rope, paper, and clothing. The cannabis plant also produces three very important products that other plants do not (in usable form): seed, pulp, and medicine. The cannabis sativa plant grows as weed and cultivated plant all over the world in a variety of climates and soils (Legalizing Hemp 2). Marijuana has been used throughout history; in 6000 B.C. cannabis seeds were used as food in China; in 4000 B.C. the Chinese used textiles made of hemp; the first recorded use of cannabis as medicine in China was in 2727 B.C.; and in 1500 B.C. the Chinese cultivated Cannabis for food and fiber (Legalizing Hemp 2). MEDICAL USES Paul  Armentano, Deputy Director of the NORML (The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws) Foundation, stated at the beginning of this year that scientists are investigating cannabinoids ability to moderate the pain associated with disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as the cannabinoids role in the treatment of several neurological disorders including Alzheimers disease and Lou Gehrigs disease (par.  3).  The cannabinoids contained in marijuana have the potential to provide therapeutic relief for a multitude of diseases.  The potential therapeutic uses of medical marijuana include relief from clinical conditions like gliomas, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimers, ALS, fibromyalgia, tourettes syndrome, dystonia, HIV, hepatitis c, hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, gastrointestinal disorders, pruritis, incontinence, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (Armentano, par.  8).à ƒâ€šÃ‚  Armentano  also stated in his report in the  Recent Research on Medical Marijuana:  Investigators are currently studying the anti-cancer properties of cannabinoids.  A growing body of preclinical and clinical data concludes that cannabinoids can reduce the spread of specific cancer cells via apoptosis (programmed cell death) and by the inhibition of angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels).  Arguably, these latter trends represent far broader and more significant applications for cannabinoid therapeutics than researchers could have imagined some thirty or even twenty years ago (par.  4) If cannabis were to be decriminalized, an entirely new domain of medicinal research could possibly be unlocked.  The medicinal properties of marijuana including the transient as well as therapeutic relief to a broad list of clinical conditions could be further researched and bestowed upon society.  Allen F.  St.  P ierre states in his article  About Marijuana: Modern research suggests that cannabis is a valuable aid in the treatment of a wide range of clinical applications.  These include pain relief particularly of neuropathic pain (pain from nerve damage) nausea, spasticity, glaucoma, and movement disorders. Marijuana is also a powerful appetite stimulant specifically for patients suffering from HIV, the AIDS wasting syndrome, or dementia.  Emerging research suggests that marijuanas medicinal properties may protect the body against some types of malignant tumors and are neuroprotective.  (par.  10) Newer and healthier methods of the application of THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) could be researched in order to prevent any negative effects that inhaling the combusted material of cannabis may have on your respiratory system. New branches of research dedicated to showing the positive aspects of marijuana could be possible decriminalization were set in motion. Canada has already benefited tremendously from their nation-wide legalization of marijuana. Andrew D.  Hathaway and Kate Rossiter state in their article on Canadas society involving medical marijuana that In 2001, Canada announced it would be the first country to legalize cannabis for therapeutic purposes and earmarked funding for clinical trials.  By June, 2007, legal access had been granted to about 1,800 patients with terminal illnesses and serious medical conditions (1). Not only does cannabis have the potential to provide the United States with an extremely broad range of medical application, but this plant also has the potential to provide various industrial applications. INDUSTRIAL USES Hemps uses include but are certainly not limited to: fuel; food (hemp seeds provide an incredible source of protein-not only for people but for birds who seek out hemp seeds which have been mixed with other seeds); paper; textiles, (i.e. canvas, paper, cloth, rope); paint; detergent; varnish; oil; medicine; and building materials. Almost any product that can be made from wood, cotton, or petroleum (including plastics) can be made from hemp. Every year the United States government spends billions of dollars to fund the war on drugs, which is conducted mainly by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). More specifically, the extremely well funded Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program (DCESP) is the portion of the DEA that specifically deals with the enforcement of cannabis laws. In the last 25 years, the enforcement of cannabis prohibition has grown stricter. Despite this, marijuana production in the U.S. has increased ten-fold since 1982 (Crop Report 17). Along with this increased production and DEA enforcement, the cost of the war on marijuana has increased greatly in the last few decades. For example, in 2002 roughly 730,000 people were arrested for state marijuana charges meaning they did not possess enough to get charged federally. The total criminal justice  cost of these marijuana arrests was about $7.6 billion, which equates to roughly $10,400 per arrest (NORML 131). The legalization of marijuana would eliminate the need for all these arrests which would result in an economic boost, not to mention save the money required to incarcerate someone for said offense. In addition to reducing the amount of money spent keeping marijuana illegal, the legalization of marijuana would free up much needed space in our already overcrowded jails. U.S. citizens account for about 5% of the worlds population, yet U.S. prison inmates account for 25% of the worlds prisoners (Eitzen 368). By eliminating the need for marijuana related arrests, a great burden would be lifted off of our police force. Our police would be able to focus their energy on the real criminals in our nation as opposed to wasting money charging citizens with minor marijuana offenses. Most importantly, the legalization of marijuana would eliminate all of the crime involved with marijuana such as sale, possession, paraphernalia, and cultivation.   The Author of Social Problems, Stanley Eitzen explains the concept behind why the legalization of marijuana would do so:  organized crime, which now acquires most of its income from providing illegal goods and services, would no longer be able to hide its investments and profits. Thus, laws against victimless crimes are indirectly responsible for maintaining organized crime (Social Problems 352).   By making marijuana legal, it makes it impossible for criminals to conduct crimes involving marijuana. However, the prohibitive laws regarding marijuana provide organized criminals with one of their most lucrative source of income: the sale of illegal marijuana. Legislation against marijuana does not eliminate the demand for it amongst society either. Due to marijuana being illegal, the price of marijuana is much higher than what it would be if legal. This unintended result of the prohibitive laws against marijuana has caused a slight increase in crime revolved around the purchase of the herb. New crimes are being committed to produce money so that users can afford the high prices; though not as severe as a crime directly related to the sale and cultivation of marijuana, any crime eliminated because of legalization helps. The eradication of crime associated with marijuana and the corresponding money earned as a result will only become possible through the regulation and production of marijuana by the U.S. government. These would not be the only benefits legalization would have to offer either; the government could generate substantial contributions to the economy through the taxation and sale of marijuana within our borders. Ultimately, the war on marijuana has failed. Marijuana use and production continue to increase from year to year despite the increased efforts against marijuana. New regulatory policies need to be researched and tried if the government ever wants to have control over one of the  biggest issues in the war on drugs. ECONOMIC BENEFITS Today marijuana is the number one cash crop in America, generating over $35 billion in dirty money each year (Crop Report 14). That is $18 billion more than second most generated crop corn. Although the prices of marijuana would decline if legalized, the government could still make enormous amounts of money through the taxation, production and sale of marijuana. Marijuana is the fourth most widely used psychoactive drug in the U.S., following caffeine, nicotine and alcohol (Eitzen 385). Caffeine, nicotine and alcohol, are all legal, regulated by the government and all contribute greatly to our economy. Why not do so with cannabis? Tobacco addiction resulting from cigarette smoking kills more Americans than alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, homicide, suicide, fires, car accidents, and AIDS combined (Eitzen 389). Yet the government encourages and regulates the sale of cigarettes, this is because the tobacco industry is a major contributor to the U.S. economy. Roughly $158 billion are ge nerated each year by the tobacco industry (Eitzen 389). Aside from the sale of cigarettes, tobacco companies spent $21.2 million professional lobbying firms in 2003, which amounts to more than $127,000 for every day Congress was in session (Eitzen 390). Government intervention in the theoretical cannabis industry could produce monetary gains similar to that of the tobacco industry through essentially the same means. Alcohol, the third most used drug in America, is another example of how government regulation of a drug can be successful. Each year, the government makes billions off of the regulation and sale of alcohol. In addition to the revenues that could be generated through the sale of marijuana, the government could institute a marijuana tax, which would only increase revenues. POLITICAL ASPECT In California On November 2, 2010, Proposition 19 failed at the polls. If it passed, marijuana would have been decriminalized, and the government would have been allowed to regulate and penalize marijuana use and distribution to generate additional revenue (Viswanthan 1). Small groups have risen throughout the United States, primarily in California, advocating for marijuana legalization. One of the most well known groups and Californias largest medical group, the California Medical Association, has also endorsed the legalization of marijuana. But if a similar proposition is proposed, President Barack Obama will not support it. In a press conference in Colombia, Obama said he would engage in a debate regarding legalizing drugs, but elaborated that his administration will not support any bill to legalize them (2). With elections approaching, his stance from 4 years ago has shifted greatly. Presidential  GOP  candidate Mitt Romney has explicitly expressed his dissension around medicinal marijuana in his campaign. After hearing from an individual with muscular dystrophy about his need for medicinal marijuana to survive, Romney repeated fervently that he was not in favor of legalizing medicinal marijuana. The young man with the degenerative illness expressed his worries to the candidate and showed genuine concern for his survival. Five different doctors had recommended the use of medicinal marijuana for this patient, yet the federal government continues to impose fear by prosecuting those who use and prescribe such treatment. Romney continued to ignore his pleas and ended the conversation by walking away from the wheelchair-bound man (CNN). Potential third party candidates such as Ron Paul and Gary Johnson have voiced their support concerning the legalization of marijuana, and have clearly made it known that if they are elected, they will take measures to legalize the drug nationwide (Viswanthan 2). During his 30 years in the House of Representatives, Paul has authored and co-authored multiple marijuana-friendly bills. Hes proposed laws to  decriminalize marijuana, permit industrial hemp farming, and constitutionally delegate to states how to enforce extant medical marijuana (Camia 1).   For those who favor the legalization of marijuana, the ideology revolving around the subject is conveyed perfectly by  Thomas Szasz, a libertarian,   I favor free trade in drugs for the same reason the Founding Fathers favored free trade in ideas. In an open society, it is none of the governments business what idea a man puts into his mind; likewise, it should be none of the governments business what drug he puts into his body (74). Though the federal government did not adopt this ideology, there are other valid reasons that the legalization and regulation of marijuana in the U.S. would provide our nation with significant benefits. The taxation and sale of marijuana alone would provide immense economic contributions. The ending of the war against marijuana would save billions of dollars spent each year hunting down and incarcerating marijuana offenders. The potential that marijuana has to offer as a medicine are all possible results of the legalization of marijuana in the United States. OPPOSING VIEWS Scientific studies may have conflicting results, but overall they link smoking marijuana to heart and lung disease, throat cancer, and a decreased memory capacity. Making marijuana legal would increase the number of people being affected by these diseases. Others point to the staggering amount of drugs that have been seized coming into the United States. They point to how drug use is strongly linked to criminal activity, and predict that legalizing marijuana would lead to an increase in violence and crime (Two Sides of the Conflict Anti-Marijuana). The federal government, which overall is working to keep marijuana illegal, agrees that there is no real benefit to legalizing marijuana. Gil Kerlikowske, director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy wrote As a former police chief, I recognize we are not going to arrest our way out of the problem. We also recognize that legalizing marijuana would not provide the answer to any of the health, social, youth education, criminal justice, and community quality of life challenges associated with drug use.(Gane-McCalla) SOLUTIONS One of the main reasons that cannabis has not been legalized in the U.S. is the perceived danger that smoking it presents to its user; the perception that getting high is harmful. Yes, smoking cannabis is bad for you, but smoking anything is bad for you. Most of the negative health effects that cannabis users experience are a result of the act of inhaling smoke into their lungs, not the actual THC present. Cannabis can be consumed in ways that do not involve combustion, such as edibles or the use of a vaporizer. Through healthier consumption, marijuana can be used medically to relieve certain patients of pain and other ailments as well as serve as a basis for newer, more effective cannabinoid drug development. The legalization of marijuana would help capitalize on the medicinal benefits that THC and other  cannabinoids  present in marijuana have to offer. Though large amounts of THC have been found to disrupt short-term memory and impair motor skills, THC has also been proven to help relieve symptoms of many common health problems (Joy 51). In particular, medical marijuana has had the most significant effect on patients suffering from symptoms such as chronic pain, nausea, appetite loss, muscle spasms, insomnia, and glaucoma (Joy 51). There are plenty of legally prescribed drugs that are often used to treat symptoms like those mentioned above; however many of them can be expensive, cause undesirable side effects, and in several cases can become addictive. For example, Xanax and Vicitin are two of the most widely distributed prescription painkillers on the market today despite their high cost and high risk of dependence. In addition, they are most frequently prescribed to patients experiencing symptoms that THC has been found to alleviate. Not to say that medical marijuana, or THC, will always be better than Xanax or Vicitin or any other prescription drug because there are extreme cases where medical marijuana would not suffice. However, medical marijuana would offer a cheap alternative to expensive prescription drugs without the negative side effects or risk of addiction. Despite popular belief, marijuana has not been proven to be physically addictive. Studies indicate that day-to-day marijuana users will develop a minor physiological addiction to the drug, but no evidence was present of a physical addiction one might face with cocaine, heroin or even caffeine abuse (Joy 92). This trait of THC is but another reason that the developmen t of more advanced cannabinoid based drugs should be looked into if marijuana were legalized. The idea of synthetic THC or a pill form of THC is not a new one. Scientists developed Marinol, the only cannabinoid approved for marketing in the U.S., was introduced in 1985. Although Marinol was not a huge success and is rarely used today, it did lead to the discovery of the neuroprotective qualities  cannabinoids  possess. Janet Joy, author of Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base, explains neuroprotection: One of the most prominent new applications of  cannabinoids  is for neuroprotection, the rescue of neurons from cell death associated with trauma, ischemia, and neurological diseases (202). This quality of  cannabinoids  could prove to be valuable in the development of medicines designed to slow the deterioration of the brain, such as certain types of brain damage and other illnesses causing brain damage. If the use of medical marijuana were legal, people would be provided with a cheaper, and if consumed properly, sometimes healthier alternative to certain ailments they may be experienci ng. Along with the numerous medical uses marijuana already has to offer, the legalization of marijuana would enable scientists to develop state of the art medicines involving  cannabinoids.  Investigators are currently studying the anti-cancer properties of cannabinoids.  A growing body of preclinical and clinical data concludes that cannabinoids can reduce the spread of specific cancer cells via apoptosis (programmed cell death) and by the inhibition of angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels).  Arguably, these latter trends represent far broader and more significant applications for cannabinoid therapeutics than researchers could have imagined some thirty or even twenty years ago (par.  4) . If cannabis were to be decriminalized, an entirely new domain of medicinal research could possibly be unlocked.  The medicinal properties of marijuana including the transient as well as therapeutic relief to a broad list of clinical conditions could be further researched and bestowed upon society.  Allen F.  St.  Pierre states in his article  About Marijuana: Modern research suggests that cannabis is a valuable aid in the treatment of a wide range of clinical applications.  These include pain relief particularly of neuropathic pain (pain from nerve damage) nausea, spasticity, glaucoma, and movement disorders. Marijuana is also a powerful appetite stimulant specifically for patients suffering from HIV, the AIDS wasting syndrome, or dementia.  Emerging research suggests that marijuanas medicinal properties may protect the body against some types of malignant tumors and are neuroprotective.  (par.  10) DISCUSSION There are laws in place making it illegal for anyone under the age of eighteen (in most states) to purchase Nicotine products, and twenty one to purchase alcohol products. Thoughts are that at eighteen/twenty one, one is old enough to have been properly educated and understand what it is they are doing when they purchase these products. Why cant we do this with the legalization of marijuana?    Maybe we should look to European countries for the answer to marijuana legality. Many have made their laws less strict or repealed them entirely, which were fashioned after laws made here in the United States, in favor of the legalization of marijuana. Commander Brain Paddock in a neighborhood of London called Brixton ran a small experiment. Over a six month period, he instructed his officers to warn those caught with small amounts of marijuana rather than arrest them. At the end of those six months, Scotland Yard issued a report that stated more than 2500 hours of manpower was saved by giving warnings (Katz). Not making arrests meant not spending valuable time transporting prisoners and filling out paper work, not to mention court time and costs saved prosecuting those arrested. That time could then be spent on investigating and enforcing other more serious criminal activities. Marijuana use is legal or otherwise overlooked, in many European areas such as Holland. In an article called Europe Loosens Its Pot Laws, written for Rolling Stone Magazine, Gregory Katz wrote that Senior Drug Policy Advisor to the Dutch Minister of Health, Bob Krizer, has said marijuana consumption in Holland has been consistently lower over the past twenty-five years than it has in the United States. During those same twenty-five years, the United States had been waging the War on Drugs, while Holland had been embracing a more liberal policy. Mr. Krizer also states that their rate of harder drug addicts is largely lower than many other countries that have stricter drug policies (Katz). If true, this goes a long way towards proving education is a much better way to get a message across than making laws and arresting people. CONCLUSION Marijuana has the potential to be one of the most useful substances in the world. Even though cannabis prevails as possibly one of the most useful plants on the face of the Earth, it still remains illegal in the United States. With countless uses, whether they be industrial, medical, or economical, it is hard to believe that marijuana still remains a regulated and prohibited substance. It seems as if this harmless flower is considered illegal for no other reason than to be considered illegal. Cannabis is a possible nationwide head start towards the economys stability and withholds the potential to assist in the addressing of some of the United States most pressing issues.  The decriminalization of cannabis has the potential to become one of the greatest economical advances in the history of the United States of America. If people took action and the government legalized it today, we will immediately see benefits from this decision. People suffering from illnesses ranging from manic depression to Multiple Sclerosis would be able to experience relief. The government could make billions of dollars off of the taxes it could impose on its sale, and its implementation into the industrial world would create thousands of new jobs for the economy. Also, because of its role in paper making, the rain forests of South America can be saved from their current fate of extinction. No recorded deaths have ever occurred as a result of marijuana use, it is not physically addictive like alcohol or tobacco, and most doctors will agree it is safer to use than those substances. A quote by Abraham Lincoln describes the situation perfectly. Prohibitiongoes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded. Marijuana being illegal has no validity at all. Due to all the positive aspects of marijua na it should be legalized in the United States.